Explain the fundamental principles of the kinet... - SS1 Chemistry States of Matter Question

The kinetic theory of matter states that matter is composed of tiny particles, such as atoms or molecules, that are constantly in motion. The theory is based on the following principles:

-       Matter is composed of small particles: Atoms, molecules, or ions make up matter.

-       Continuous random motion: These particles are in constant motion, colliding with each other and with the walls of their container.

-       Negligible volume: The volume occupied by the particles themselves is negligible compared to the overall volume of the substance.

-       Negligible interparticle forces: The attractive or repulsive forces between particles are considered negligible except during collisions.

-       Elastic collisions: Collisions between particles are perfectly elastic, meaning there is no net loss or gain of kinetic energy.

 

In the case of gases, the kinetic theory explains their behaviour by considering that gas particles are in constant, rapid motion. They movein straight lines until they collide with other particles or the container walls, and these collisions result in changes in their speed and direction. The pressure exerted by a gas is due to the constant bombardment of the container walls by the gas particles. The average kinetic energy of the particles is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas. The kinetic theory provides a foundation for understanding gas laws, such as Boyle's law, Charles's law, and the ideal gas law.