Question on: JAMB Biology - 2024

The feeding relationship between ruminants and the bacteria in their digestive tract is symbiotic.

• Symbiosis: Refers to a close and long-term interaction between different biological species. In this specific case, it's a mutualistic symbiosis, meaning that both organisms benefit.
• Ruminants: (like cows and goats) have specialized stomachs with multiple chambers that harbor bacteria. These bacteria help break down cellulose (from plant matter), which ruminants cannot digest on their own.
• The bacteria: Receive a stable environment and a constant supply of food from the ruminant.
• The ruminant: Benefits by being able to digest the cellulose, making nutrients available to it.

The other options are incorrect:

• Saprophytic: Refers to organisms that feed on dead or decaying organic matter.
• Parasitic: Refers to organisms that live on or in a host and benefit at the host's expense.
• Heterotrophic: Is a general term that refers to organisms that obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or organic matter, not a specific type of feeding relationship.