Adjectives and adverbs - SS2 English Lesson Note

Adjectives

Adjectives are words that describe nouns or pronouns.

They usually come before the noun or pronoun they describe.

Adjectives can tell what kind, how many, or which about nouns or pronouns.

For example, in the sentence "The big dog chased the small cat," the adjectives "big" and "small" describe the nouns "dog" and "cat."

Adverbs

Adverbs are words that modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.

They usually come after the verb or adjective they modify.

Adverbs can tell how, when, where, or to what extent something happens.

For example, in the sentence "The dog ran quickly," the adverb "quickly" modifies the verb "ran."

Introducing Adjectives and Adverbs

One way to introduce adjectives and adverbs to SS2 Nigerian students is by showing  a random object from the classroom, such as a pillow or chair.

Then, ask them to describe it.

For example, you might ask them what color the pillow is, how big it is, or how soft it is.

This will help them to understand what adjectives are and how they are used.

Another way to introduce adjectives and adverbs is to have a student act out a movement, such as jumping or walking.

Then, describe how they are completing the action.

For example, you might say that they are jumping "high" or walking "slowly."

This will help them to understand what adverbs are and how they are used.

Types of Adjectives

There are many different types of adjectives, but some of the most common include:

Descriptive adjectives: These adjectives describe the physical characteristics of something. For example, "big," "small," "red," "blue," "round," "square."

Quantitative adjectives: These adjectives tell how many or how much of something there is. For example, "many," "few," "some," "all," "more," "less."

Possessive adjectives: These adjectives show ownership. For example, "my," "your," "his," "her," "its," "our," "their."

Interrogative adjectives: These adjectives are used to ask questions. For example, "which," "what," "whose," "how many."

Types of Adverbs

There are also many different types of adverbs, but some of the most common include:

Adverbs of manner: These adverbs tell how something is done. For example, "quickly," "slowly," "carefully," "roughly," "easily."

Adverbs of time: These adverbs tell when something happens. For example, "now," "then," "soon," "later," "yesterday," "tomorrow."

Adverbs of place: These adverbs tell where something is or happens. For example, "here," "there," "near," "far," "up," "down."

Adverbs of degree: These adverbs tell how much or how often something happens. For example, "very," "so," "too," "enough," "almost."

Using Adjectives and Adverbs in Sentences

Adjectives and adverbs can be used in a variety of ways in sentences.

Here are a few examples:

Adjectives:

The big dog chased the small cat.

The red ball rolled across the green grass.

Adverbs: The dog ran quickly down the street. The cat jumped high into the tree.