Checks and Balances - JSS2 Civic education Lesson Note

Checks and balances refer to the system of powers and mechanisms that prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful or abusing its authority. In Nigeria's federal government, checks and balances are established through the separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches:

1. Executive Checks: The executive branch can veto legislation passed by the National Assembly, appoint judges to the judiciary, and propose budgets and policies. However, its actions are subject to oversight and scrutiny by the legislature and judiciary.

Legislative Checks: The legislature can pass laws, approve budgets, and impeach the president or other executive officials for misconduct. It can also oversee the executive branch through committees, hearings, and inquiries.

Judicial Checks: The judiciary can declare laws unconstitutional, interpret legislation, and review the actions of the executive and legislative branches. It serves as a check on the exercise of governmental power, ensuring compliance with the constitution and the rule of law.