Climatic and Soil Requirements - SS1 Agriculture Lesson Note

Cocoa thrives in tropical climates with relatively consistent temperatures between 20°C to 32°C (68°F to 90°F). It requires high humidity and rainfall distributed throughout the year, typically between 1,000 to 2,500 mm annually.

Cocoa prefers well-draining, deep, and fertile soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.0 to 7.0). Sandy loam or loamy soils are ideal. Good organic matter content is essential for cocoa growth.

Tea plants prefer regions with moderate temperatures ranging from 10°C to 30°C (50°F to 86°F). They require a distinct seasonality, with well-defined wet and dry periods. Annual rainfall of around 1500-2500 mm is ideal.

 Tea plants thrive in acidic to slightly acidic soils with a pH range of 4.5 to 5.5. Well-drained, loamy soils with good organic matter content are preferred. Sloping terrain is often beneficial for proper water drainage.

Coffee plants require tropical climates with temperatures between 15°C to 24°C (59°F to 75°F). They are sensitive to frost. Coffee cultivation often benefits from distinct wet and dry seasons. Adequate rainfall, around 1500-2500 mm annually, is necessary.

Coffee grows best in well-drained, loamy soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 6.5. The soil should have good organic matter content. Altitude plays a significant role in coffee quality, with higher altitudes often producing better beans.