Frame Structures: Frame structures like buildings and bridges are designed to withstand a combination of compression, tension, and shear forces. Compression forces are countered by columns and vertical members, tension forces are managed by beams and cables, and shear forces are resisted by the structural framework.

Shell Structures: Shell structures distribute external forces evenly across their curved surfaces, effectively managing compression and tension. However, they are vulnerable to concentrated loads that can cause localised stress concentrations.

Composite Structures: Composite structures combine materials to enhance strength and flexibility in resisting bending, torsion, compression, tension, and shear forces. They are used in applications where specific material properties are required to optimise performance under varying loads.