Fourth Generation of Computers - JSS1 Computer Sudies Lesson Note
The fourth generation of computers, spanning the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, marked a significant leap forward in computing technology. During this era, microprocessors became the driving force behind computing advancements. The development and integration of microprocessors allowed entire central processing units (CPUs) to be contained on a single chip, drastically reducing the size and cost of computers while enhancing their performance. This breakthrough opened the door to the creation of personal computers (PCs) and the widespread adoption of computing technology in various industries and households.
One hallmark of the fourth generation was the shift from large mainframe and minicomputer systems to smaller, more affordable, and accessible personal computers. Companies such as IBM, Apple, and Microsoft played pivotal roles in popularizing and shaping the landscape of personal computing. The advent of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) further simplified interaction with computers, making them more user-friendly and contributing to the democratization of computing power.
Parallel to hardware advancements, software development also thrived during the fourth generation. Operating systems like Microsoft's MS-DOS and later Windows, as well as Apple's Macintosh operating system, provided a platform for the growing array of applications and software programs. This era saw the emergence of spreadsheet software, word processors, and other productivity tools that transformed the way individuals and businesses managed information and conducted tasks.
Additionally, networking technologies began to evolve during the fourth generation, laying the groundwork for the interconnected digital world we know today. Local Area Networks (LANs) and the development of networking protocols facilitated communication between computers, enabling the sharing of resources and information. The expansion of computing capabilities and networking set the stage for the interconnected era that would define subsequent generations of computers.
In summary, the fourth generation of computers witnessed the rise of microprocessor technology, leading to the development of affordable personal computers and the proliferation of software applications. This period laid the foundation for the modern computing landscape, characterized by widespread accessibility, user-friendly interfaces, and the interconnected nature of digital systems.