Grammar: Uses of the Form of the Verb "Have" - JSS2 English language Lesson Note

Grammar: Uses of the Form of the Verb "Have"

The verb "have" is a primary auxiliary verb that can stand on its own or help the main verbs. The forms of the verb "have" are: has, have, had².

1. "Have" as the Main Verb: When "have" is used as the main verb, it usually refers to possession, relationships, illnesses, or actions. Here are some examples:
    - He has a shovel.
    - I had the book years ago.
    - Kenya has a hot and humid climate.
    - They have a party this afternoon.

2. "Have" as a Helping Verb: When "have" is used as a helping verb, it is usually followed by a past participle to form perfect tenses². Here are some examples:
    - He has dug quite deep.
    - The pieces have cut her fingers.
    - Our little sister has broken a glass.
    - Bimpe has left the door open.

3. "Have" as a Causative Verb: "Have" can also be used as a causative verb to express that you ask someone else to do something for you³. For example:
    - We had our house painted last week.
    - The children are going to have their teeth examined next week.

4. "Have to" as a Modal Verb: "Have to" is used as a modal verb to express an obligation, often to express a work routine³. For example:
    - I have to drive to work every morning.

Exercise: Underline the "have" verb in the following sentences and state whether it is used as a main verb or a helping verb.
- We have begun to move at last.
- My friend has a cute mole on her face.
- Have people ever swum this canal?
- It had been copied.