Introduction to Energy: Definition and Forms - JSS2 Basic technology Lesson Note

Definition: Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. It is a fundamental concept in physics that exists in various forms and can be transferred or converted from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed (Law of Conservation of Energy).

Forms of Energy:

• Kinetic Energy: Energy possessed by an object due to its motion. The formula is ( KE = 1/2 mv²), where (m) is mass and (v) is velocity.
• Potential Energy: Energy stored in an object due to its position or state. Common types include gravitational potential energy ( PE = mgh ), where ( m ) is mass, ( g ) is acceleration due to gravity, and ( h ) is height and elastic potential energy.
• Thermal Energy: Energy related to the temperature of an object, due to the kinetic energy of its particles.
• Chemical Energy: Energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds, released during chemical reactions.
•  Electrical Energy: Energy due to the movement of electrons or electric charges.
• Nuclear Energy: Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom, released during nuclear reactions.