Structure: Active and passive form - SS2 English Lesson Note

Active voice: The subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb. For example, "The cat chased the mouse."

Passive voice: The subject of the sentence receives the action of the verb. For example, "The mouse was chased by the cat."

Features of active voice:

• The subject is the doer of the action.
• The verb is in the active form.
• The object is the receiver of the action.

Features of passive voice:

• The subject is the receiver of the action.
• The verb is in the passive form.
• The agent (the doer of the action) is optional and is usually introduced by the preposition "by."

When to use active voice:

• The active voice is generally more concise and direct than the passive voice.
• The active voice can be more emphatic, as it highlights the doer of the action.
• The active voice is often more appropriate when the doer of the action is known or important.

When to use passive voice:

• The passive voice can be used to focus on the receiver of the action.
• The passive voice can be used to make the sentence more impersonal or objective.
• The passive voice can be used when the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant.

Here are some examples of active and passive voice:

• Active: The cat chased the mouse.
• Passive: The mouse was chased by the cat.
• Active: The teacher gave the students a test.
• Passive: The students were given a test by the teacher.
• Active: I broke the window.
• Passive: The window was broken by me.