2023 - JAMB Biology Past Questions and Answers - page 6

Pollination in plants is the process of transferring pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower. This transfer of pollen is a crucial step in the sexual reproduction of flowering plants, leading to the fertilization of ovules and the development of seeds.

Behavioural adaptation for dealing with a hot climate could include hibernating during the hottest part of the day. This behaviour helps organisms avoid the heat and conserve energy during periods of extreme temperatures.

The theory of evolution can be defined as the idea that species change over time through natural processes. This involves the gradual accumulation of heritable changes in populations of organisms over generations, leading to the diversity of life observed on Earth today.

The mechanism responsible for providing support in plants is the combination of cell walls and turgor pressure.

Plant cells have rigid cell walls that maintain the overall structure of the plant, and turgor pressure, resulting from the water content of cells, contributes to the stiffness and support of plant tissues.

Muscles and bones are associated with animal support systems, an exoskeleton is an external skeleton found in some invertebrates, and the endocrine system is related to hormonal regulation rather than structural support.

Metamorphosis is a biological process that involves the change in form and structure during the life cycle of certain organisms. It often includes distinct stages, such as larval and pupal stages, leading to the development of an adult organism with characteristics different from those of the immature stages.

Xylem is the plant tissue responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the plant. It consists of vessels and tracheids that form a network for the upward movement of water, providing structural support as well.

Mesophyll is involved in photosynthesis, epidermis is the outermost layer of cells providing protection, and phloem is responsible for transporting sugars and other organic nutrients within the plant.

The kidneys are primarily responsible for excretion in humans. They filter the blood, removing waste products and excess substances, which are then excreted as urine. The liver is involved in various metabolic functions but is not the primary organ for excretion. The pancreas is involved in digestion and hormone regulation, while the lungs primarily function in the exchange of gases.

Physiological variation in biology refers to variations in the physiological processes and functions of organisms. It involves differences in the ways organisms carry out metabolic, biochemical, and other physiological activities. This type of variation is related to the internal functions and mechanisms of living organisms.

The testis is a male reproductive organ in humans. It is responsible for the production of sperm and the secretion of hormones, including testosterone. The uterus, ovary, and fallopian tube are female reproductive organs.

The inheritance of traits from parents to offspring is described by genetics. Genetics is the branch of biology that studies how traits are passed from parents to their offspring through genes.

Evolution is the change in heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

Adaptation is the process by which organisms become better suited to their environment.

Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution where organisms with advantageous traits for survival and reproduction are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation.