2013 - JAMB Chemistry Past Questions and Answers - page 4

2-methylbutan-2-ol is a tertiary alkanol. Here's why: * **Understanding Alkanols:** Alkanols (alcohols) are organic compounds that contain a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group. The position of the -OH group on the carbon chain determines the type of alcohol. * **Classifying Alkanols:** Alkanols are classified based on the number of carbon atoms bonded to the carbon atom that is directly attached to the -OH group: * **Primary (1°):** The carbon with the -OH group is bonded to only one other carbon atom. * **Secondary (2°):** The carbon with the -OH group is bonded to two other carbon atoms. * **Tertiary (3°):** The

Here's how to calculate the empirical formula: 1. **Assume a 100g sample:** This makes the percentages directly equivalent to grams of each element. So, we have 60g C, 13.3g H, and 26.7g O. 2. **Convert grams to moles:** Divide the mass of each element by its molar mass: * C: 60 g / 12 g/mol = 5 mol * H: 13.3 g / 1 g/mol = 13.3 mol * O: 26.7 g / 16 g/mol = 1.67 mol 3. **Find the simplest whole-number ratio

The activation energy of a catalyzed reaction is the energy difference between the reactants and the highest point on the energy profile when a catalyst is present. In the graph, the activation energy for the catalyzed reaction is the energy difference between the reactants (at 100 kJ) and the peak of the catalyzed reaction (at 300 kJ). Therefore, Activation Energy = 300 kJ - 100 kJ = 200 kJ.