2018 - JAMB Chemistry Past Questions and Answers - page 8

71

An element X forms the following compounds with chlorine; XCl\(_4\), XCl\(_3\), XCl\(_2\). This illustrates the

A
law of multiple proportions
B
law of chemical proportions
C
law of simple proportions
D
law of conservation of mass
correct option: a

The law of multiple proportion states that when element A and B combine to form more than one chemical compound then the various masses of sample A react with a fixed mass of sample B are in a simple multiple ratio.

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72

The hydrogen ion concentration of a sample of orange juice is 2.0 X 10\(^{-11}\)moldm\(^{-3}\). What is its p\(^{OH}\)? [log102 = 0.3010]

A
3.30
B
13.00
C
10.70
D
11.30
correct option: c

p\(^{OH}\) = -Log [OH\(^-\)]

  [OH\(^-\) ] = 2.0 X 10\(^{-11}\)moldm\(^{-3}\)

  p\(^{OH}\) = -Log [2.0 X 10\(^{-11}\)]

  p\(^{OH}\) = 10.70

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73
A correct electrochemical series can be obtained from Na, Ca, Al, Mg, Zn, Fe, Pb, H, Cu, Hg, Ag, Au by interchanging
A
Al and Mg
B
Zn and Fe
C
Zn and Pb
D
Pb and H
correct option: a
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74

2SO\(_2\) \(_{(g) }\)+ O\(_2\) \(_{(g) }\) ↔ 2SO\(_3\)\(_{(g) }\) ΔH = -395.7kJmol\(^{-1}\)
In the equation, an increase in temperature will shift the equilibrium position to the

A
left and equilibrium constant decreases
B
left and equilibrium constant increases
C
right and equilibrium constant increases
D
right and equilibrium constant decreases
correct option: d
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75

The end products of burning a candle in the atmosphere are water and 

A
carbon (II) oxide
B
sulphur (IV) oxide
C
carbon (IV) oxide
D
sulphur (VI) oxide
correct option: c
When we ignite the candle, the hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen (in excess) to produce carbon dioxide and water. The burning sets an air current which gives dome shape to candle flame and it helps to get complete combustion at the bottom and the outer surface of the flame
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76

The collision theory explains reaction rates in terms of

A
size of the product
B
frequency of collision of the reactants
C
size of reactant
D
frequency of collision of the products
correct option: b
Collision theory is a theory that was proposed independently by Max Trautz in 1916 and William Lewis in 1918, that qualitatively explains how chemical reactions occur and why reaction rates differ for different reactions.
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77

The presence of ammonia gas in a desiccator can exclusively be removed by

A
phosphorus (V) oxide
B
fused calcium chloride
C
calcium chloride
D
concentrated tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid
correct option: d

Ammonia gas can be removed from a dessicator by adding a conc. H2SO4 so as to neutralize it since ammonia gas is basic.

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78

Aluminium does not react with either dilute or concentrated trioxonitrate (V) acid because

A
it is insoluble in either dilute or concentrated trioxonitrate (V) acid
B
it is lower than hydrogen in the electrochemical series
C
the reaction with trioxonitrate (V) acid has a light activation energy
D
an insoluble oxide is formed on its surface which renders it passive
correct option: d

Aluminium doesn’t react with either dilute or concentrated trioxonitrate (V) acid because an insoluble oxide is formed on its surface which renders it passive. It will depend on the concentration of the nitric acid used…. Although aluminium reacts with dilute nitric acid to produce aluminium nitrate and hydrogen gas, concentrated (>60%) nitric acid is such a powerful oxidising agent that it instantly causes a thin layer of aluminium oxide to coat the surface of the aluminium

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79

Which of these sources of water may likely contain the least concentration of Ca\(^{2+}\) and Mg\(^{2+}\)?

A
Spring water
B
River water
C
Tap water
D
Sea water
correct option: c

Tap water contains less Ca\(^{2+}\) and Mg\(^{2+}\)

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80

The conductivity of an acid solution depends on the

A
amount of ions present and their mobilities
B
mobilities of the ions present
C
amount of ions present
D
temperature of the solution
correct option: a

The conductivity of a solution depends on the number of charge carriers (the concentrations of the ions), the mobility of the charge carriers and their charge. Theoretically, conductivity should increase in direct proportion to concentration.

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