2022 - JAMB Chemistry Past Questions and Answers - page 4

A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid and base react quantitatively to form salt and water as products.

The reaction of an acid and a base to form water and a salt involves the combination of H+ ions and OH- ions to generate water.

cast iron + haematite => wrought iron

Pre-heated air at about 600ºC is introduced into the blast furnace from the bottom through the tuyeres.

4 bond pairs in CO₂

Isomers of Butene:

• But-1-ene
• But-2-ene
• Isobutylene (or 2-methylpropene or 2-methylprop-1-ene)

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons that burn readily in the air with a blue non-sooty flame to release a lot of heat and light energy. This is one of the reasons they are mainly used for fuels.

For a fixed amount of a dilute solution from a stock solution: C1V1 = C2V2 

where:

• V1 = Volume of stock solution needed to make the new solution
• C1 = Concentration of stock solution
• V2 = Final volume of the new solution
• C2 = Final  concentration of the stock solution

2 x 10 = 0.5 x V2

20 = 0.5V2

\(\frac{20}{0.5}\) = V2

= 40dm\(^3\)

The air in the Earth's atmosphere contains approximately 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen, and a small amount of other gases such as hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and neon.

The hardness of water is determined by the amount of dissolved ions, majorly calcium and magnesium.