2021 - JAMB Geography Past Questions and Answers - page 5

The gold reefs of the Witwatersrand, discovered in 1886, drew large numbers of white settlers and led to the growth of Johannesburg. The other minerals are not mined at the places named.

The outer spheres of the earth are the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. The mesosphere is only a layer within the atmosphere.

Scrub, made up of thorny bushes and small trees, is common in the drier parts of the savanna. Savanna trees are deep-rooted, lose their leaves in the dry season, and the vegetation is open rather than dense.

From the surface inwards the layers are the sial (the upper crust), the sima (the lower crust), the mantle and the core.

The environment is everything, living and non-living, that surrounds an organism. The ecosystem is the community of organisms interacting with that environment, and the biotic and abiotic components are only parts of it.

GIS stands for Geographic Information System, a computer system for capturing, storing, analysing and displaying spatial data.

Raw materials, closeness to ports such as Lagos and a good road network favour industrial location. The creativity of the people is not a locational factor.

After gravitational water drains away, the soil holds the remaining water at field capacity. Hygroscopic water is a thin film held too tightly for plants to use, and wilting point is the moisture level below which plants cannot take up water.

Shale forms from compacted layers of mud and clay, so it is sedimentary. Graphite, marble and schist are metamorphic.

The North Atlantic is the world's busiest sea route, it carries bulk goods such as grains, and it links North America with Europe, so all the statements are true.