2007 - JAMB Government Past Questions and Answers - page 2

The process of law-making by the legislature begins as follows:

First and Fore most, the initiator of the bill will have to notify the clerk of the House by making sure that the draft of the bill reached him, the clerk of the House will then notify the members of Parliament about the presence of such bill.

The clerk of the House will read out the title of the bill. It will then be printed out in leaflets and circulated to all members for them to study before the second reading which the date will also be fixed.

Government is a non-permanent feature of a state.

It should be noted that Periodic Change is one of the major characteristics of government. No government is permanent especially, one that is based on peoples participation - elective government. That is the adoption of periodic free and fair elections. In some cases, it could be either four or five years to change a government.

The Ancient Greeks practised Direct Democracy.

This was practised in Ancient Athens, One of the city states in Greece. This was possible due to the fact that the population was small by then, and ever body had the right to say his opinion on any governmental matter in the national assembly.

The formation of confederations is based primarily on security considerations confederation is mostly meant to guarantee external and internal security of the confederal states.

Examples of countries that have practised it are as follows:

1. The League of Nations

2. USA (1781 - 1789)

3. Germany (1815 - 1866)

4. Senegal and Gambia (1984) etc.

The declaration of election results is the exclusive duty of electoral commissions.

The Commission conducts the elections, count the votes and then published the results of the elections.

Other functions of the Electoral Commission include.

1. Division of the country into constituencies

2. Registration of voters

3. Determination of the type of voting

4. Building or supply of Polling Booths.

5. Provision of Election Materials

6. Display and Revision of Voter's Lists

7. Registration of Political Parties.

8. Appointment and Training of Electoral Officers.

9. Enlightens and Educates the Voters

10. Disbursement of Grants

11. Sees about Auditing of Accounts.

The traditions of a people that shape their government and politics represent their political culture.

Political culture refers to the attitudes, emotions, values and all those aspects of the peoples culture which relate to politics and government. It deals with the people's participation in politics and their relations to political institutions like the arms of government.

On the other hand, the belief system of each tribe has major impact on the people's political culture, thus bringing about the differences of political culture. For example. ethnic differences have political attitudes in Nigeria for long. It should then be realized that Different Ethnicity is one of the determinants of political culture.

According to Karl Marx,the mode of production that precedes capitalism is socialism.

Socialism is associated with Kari Marx and his basic ideas are used in socialist states. His theory is in most cases referred to as Marxism. Historical Materialism and Dialectical Materialism. Kari Marx maintained that each productive process has it mode of socio-economic relation. The various stages of production undergone by societies had their different modes of production. Such stages which every society must have to pass through include communalism, Feudalism and capitalism. Socialism came up as a protest movement against the evils of capitalism.

The Executive is mainly concerned with the implementation of policies.

The structure of government include:

1. The Legislature - which makes laws

2. The Executive - which is responsible for formulation and implementation of policies and

3. The Judiciary - which interprets the laws

A Written Constitution is a distinguishing feature of federal state.

The federal state always go by written and right constitution so as to avoid manipulation. The amendment procedures of this type of constitution is always complicated and rigorous.

The recognition and general acceptance of the right to rule in a country based on laid down regulations is known as legitimate authority