Basic Agricultural Concepts - JSS1 Agricultural science Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Soil is a crucial component in agriculture, playing a central role in supporting plant growth. It serves as a medium for plant roots, providing structural support and acting as a reservoir for essential nutrients. For example, minerals like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium found in soil are vital for plant development. Organic matter in soil enhances fertility and water retention, contributing to nutrient availability.

Water is a vital component in agriculture, and its various elements play crucial roles in supporting plant growth. Hydrogen, as a component of water, is essential for photosynthesis, a process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Oxygen, another component, aids in respiration and root development. Carbon dioxide, dissolved in water, is absorbed by plants during photosynthesis. Additionally, water acts as a medium for nutrient transport within plants.

Sunlight is a fundamental factor in agriculture, serving as the primary energy source for plants through the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants convert sunlight into chemical energy, enabling the synthesis of carbohydrates. Different crops have varying sunlight requirements.

Organic matter is a critical component of soil in agriculture, contributing significantly to soil fertility, water retention, and overall plant health. It contains decomposed plant and animal residues, enriching the soil with essential nutrients. For example, the decomposition of organic matter releases nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, crucial for plant growth.

Air in soil is essential for agricultural purposes as it facilitates proper aeration, supporting plant growth, and root development. Adequate air ensures the exchange of gases, promoting oxygen uptake by plant roots and releasing carbon dioxide produced during respiration.