Classification of Crops - JSS3 Agricultural Science Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Food crops are primarily cultivated for direct human consumption, encompassing staples like rice, wheat, and vegetables. On the other hand, cash crops are grown for sale in the market to generate income, including commodities like cotton, tobacco, and coffee.

Annual crops complete their life cycle within a single growing season, typically yielding one harvest. In contrast, perennial crops have a lifespan extending beyond two years and produce multiple harvests over their lifetime. Annual crops are often replanted each season, while perennial crops persist for several years, offering sustained production.

Herbaceous crops are non-woody plants like most vegetables and grains, while woody crops include trees and shrubs such as orchard fruits and nuts. Herbaceous crops exhibit rapid growth and tenderness, making them suitable for consumption, while woody crops provide long-term production and structural support.

Tomatoes, potatoes, and peppers belong to the Solanaceae family, which includes many important food crops. This botanical family is known for its diverse range of species, each with unique culinary and nutritional characteristics.

Specialty crops are cultivated for specific purposes or markets, such as medicinal herbs or exotic fruits. Unlike food crops and cash crops, which cater to broader consumer needs, specialty crops target niche markets or niche applications.