Husbandry of Beverages - SS1 Agriculture Past Questions and Answers - page 2

After cocoa pods are harvested, the beans are extracted and fermented for several days to develop their flavor. Fermentation is followed by drying the beans in the sun. Once dried, they are roasted to enhance their flavor and aroma. After roasting, the beans are cracked and winnowed to remove the outer shell, leaving cocoa nibs. These nibs can be ground into cocoa liquor, which can be further processed to produce cocoa solids and cocoa butter.

The primary factors to consider when selecting soil for tea cultivation include drainage, pH level, and nutrient content. Tea plants require well-draining soil to prevent waterlogging. The pH of the soil should be slightly acidic to neutral, typically in the range of 4.5 to 5.5. Additionally, the soil should be rich in organic matter and nutrients to support healthy tea growth.

Shade trees play a crucial role in coffee farming by providing protection from direct sunlight. They create a microclimate with reduced temperature and humidity fluctuations, which is ideal for coffee plants. Shade trees also help prevent soil erosion, promote biodiversity, and improve overall soil health. They contribute to the sustainability of coffee farming by supporting a diverse ecosystem within coffee plantations.

Timing is critical when applying fertilizers in cocoa production. Fertilizer application should align with the growth stages of cocoa trees. Generally, the main fertilizer application is done at the beginning of the rainy season when the trees start active growth. This ensures that the nutrients are available when the plants need them most. Additionally, split applications throughout the year may be necessary to meet the changing nutrient requirements of the cocoa trees.

Both tea and coffee benefit from nitrogen-rich fertilizers, but there are differences in their requirements. Tea prefers regular applications of nitrogen to promote leaf growth, and organic materials like compost can enhance soil fertility. Coffee, on the other hand, needs a balanced mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK). Organic matter such as coffee pulp and mulch can also be used. The specific ratios and timing of fertilizer application can vary based on soil and climate conditions.