Rock formation - SS1 Agriculture Past Questions and Answers - page 2
Which factor has the most significant influence on the rate of soil formation?
Parent material
Climate
Topography
Time
Which rock type can be classified into intrusive and extrusive categories?
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
None of the above
What is the primary process by which sedimentary rocks are formed?
Solidification of molten material
Accumulation and compaction of sediments
Alteration under high temperature and pressure
None of the above
Which rock type is often used in construction for its durability and strength?
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
All of the above
In soil profiles, what does the B horizon typically contain?
Organic matter
Parent material
Topsoil
Fossils
Explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks.
Intrusive igneous rocks form beneath the Earth's surface from slowly cooling magma, resulting in larger crystals. Extrusive igneous rocks form on the Earth's surface from rapidly cooling lava, often with smaller or no visible crystals.
How does climate influence the formation of different types of rocks and soils?
Climate affects the rate of weathering and erosion, which in turn influences the type of sediments and minerals present. It also impacts soil formation by determining factors like temperature, precipitation, and freeze-thaw cycles.
Describe the role of biological activity in soil formation.
Biological activity, including the actions of organisms like earthworms and bacteria, contributes to the decomposition of organic matter in the soil. This process enriches the soil with nutrients and organic material, improving its fertility.
What are the key factors that influence the development of distinct soil horizons?
Soil horizons are influenced by factors like weathering, biological activity, parent material, and climate. Over time, these factors lead to the formation of distinct layers in the soil profile, each with unique characteristics.
Provide an example of a metamorphic rock and explain its formation process
An example of a metamorphic rock is marble, which forms from the metamorphism of limestone. High temperature and pressure conditions cause the recrystallization of minerals, transforming limestone into marble.