Rock formation - SS1 Agriculture Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Intrusive igneous rocks form beneath the Earth's surface from slowly cooling magma, resulting in larger crystals. Extrusive igneous rocks form on the Earth's surface from rapidly cooling lava, often with smaller or no visible crystals.

Climate affects the rate of weathering and erosion, which in turn influences the type of sediments and minerals present. It also impacts soil formation by determining factors like temperature, precipitation, and freeze-thaw cycles.

Biological activity, including the actions of organisms like earthworms and bacteria, contributes to the decomposition of organic matter in the soil. This process enriches the soil with nutrients and organic material, improving its fertility.

Soil horizons are influenced by factors like weathering, biological activity, parent material, and climate. Over time, these factors lead to the formation of distinct layers in the soil profile, each with unique characteristics.

An example of a metamorphic rock is marble, which forms from the metamorphism of limestone. High temperature and pressure conditions cause the recrystallization of minerals, transforming limestone into marble.