Environmental Chemistry - SS1 Chemistry Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Pollution refers to the introduction of harmful substances or contaminants into the environment, causing adverse effects on the ecosystem and human health. It is a major global concern due to its detrimental impacts on the environment, biodiversity, and overall well-being of living organisms.

 

Pollution has various types, each with its own specific sources and consequences. Examples of different types of pollution include:

 

-       Air pollution: This occurs when harmful gases, particulate matter, and pollutants are released into the atmosphere. Sources of air pollution include industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, burning of fossil fuels, and smoke from wildfires. Air pollution contributes to respiratory diseases, global warming, and damage to ecosystems.

-       Water pollution: Water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans, can be contaminated by industrial waste, sewage, agricultural runoff, oil spills, and improper disposal of chemicals. Water pollution disrupts aquatic ecosystems, harms marine life, and poses risks to human health through the consumption of contaminated water.

-       Soil pollution: Soil pollution refers to the contamination of soil by hazardous substances, such as industrial waste, pesticides, heavy metals, and improper waste disposal. It affects soil fertility, hampers agricultural productivity, and poses risks to plants, animals, and humans through the consumption of contaminated food.

-       Noise pollution: Excessive noise from sources such as traffic, industrial activities, construction sites, and loud music can cause noise pollution. Prolonged exposure to high levels of noise can lead to hearing loss, sleep disturbances, stress, and other health problems.

-       Light pollution: This type of pollution occurs due to excessive artificial lighting, which disrupts natural light patterns and affects wildlife behaviour, such as bird migration and nocturnal animal activities. Light pollution also has adverse effects on human sleep patterns and contributes to energy wastage.

 

The impact of pollution on the environment and human health is substantial. It leads to ecosystem degradation, loss of biodiversity, respiratory problems, waterborne diseases, and various other health issues. Addressing pollution requires collective efforts to reduce emissions, adopt sustainable practices, and implement effective environmental regulations.

 

Agricultural activities

 

Common cold