2018 - WAEC Government Past Questions and Answers - page 4

The public's opinion  about a governement cant be measured or ascertained through the imposition of laws, rather government can get to know what people think about a particular issue affecting the country by conducting opinion polls, surveys. It's most often determined through public opinion polls, these polls are surveys commissioned by various groups in order to determine people's thoughts on particular matters. These polls are conducted by polling organizations, which are businesses that measure public opinion through strategic methods. other methods include, reviews of policies, organizing seminars, fairs, referendums etc

Primary election. A primary election is an election used either to narrow the field of candidates for a given elective office or to determine the nominees for political parties in advance of a general election. it is an electoral process where members of a political party can indicate their preference for a candidate in an upcoming general election or by-election, thus narrowing the field of candidates.

The status of an individual plays a major role in determining their ability to vote in an election.  The law is very clear on electoral processes and exceptions. foreigners, convicted criminals who are still serving time in prisons and under age people are not eligible to vote. In nigeria for instance, A voting age is a minimum age established by law that a person must attain before they can participate in the voting process and the legal age is 18 years. one's status is a mamjor determinat of their eligibility to vote or not to vote in an election.

An indirect election is an election in which voters do not choose between candidates for an office, but elect people who then choose. It is one of the oldest forms of elections, and is still used today for many presidents, cabinets, upper houses, and supranational legislatures. Presidents and prime ministers can be indirectly elected by parliaments or by a special body convened solely for that purpose. The election of the executive government in most parliamentary systems is indirect: ''the citizens elect the parliamentarians, who then elect the government including most prominently the prime minister from among themselves''. 

An electoral college is a set of electors who are selected to elect a candidate to a particular office. Often these represent different organizations, political parties etc.

An executive administrator is responsible for the administrative tasks of executives. In this position, one can expect to conduct research, create statistical reports, and prepare agendas for top management. Other tasks may include overseeing the office budget and ordering office supplies. The admnisitrative class oversee the running of the office by administering basic office procecedures and templates to enable the executive carry out their functions

A civil service commission is a government agency that is constituted by legislature to regulate the employment and working conditions of civil servants, oversee hiring and promotions, and promote the values of the public service, and to exercise disciplinary control over all Federal Civil Servants. 

Anonymity (civil service) The anonymity of the civil service is linked to two concepts: permanence and neutrality. Civil servants, many of whom remain in their jobs whilst serving numerous governments, are thus likely to have to give advice to governments of different political parties, who may have different attitudes to policy. And it follows from both of the above that civil servants cannot be held accountable for the success or failure of government policy, for otherwise their public explanations could contain criticisms of their political masters.

The following are the limitations imposed on the traditional rulers by  the colonial masters.

1. Chiefs barred from forming an army
2. No power to impose taxes
3. No power of legislation
4. Governor to sanction the enstoolment of chiefs
5. Barred from Settling  inter-tribal conflicts through war

Indirect Rule is the system of government in which the traditional structures of the local people were employed in the administration of the British overseas territories in West Africa. Indirect rule was a system of governance used by the British and French to control parts of their colonial empires, particularly in Africa and Asia, through pre-existing indigenous power structures. These dependencies were often called "protectorates" or "trucial states". Traditional rulers were used as intermediaries between the british and their colonies. 

Grassroots participation in governance. One of the major reasons for the creation of local government in Nigeria is to bring governance closer to the people. Participation by the citizens-in-governance is one of the underlying precepts of democracy and the modern notion of government.