2023 - JAMB Biology Past Questions and Answers - page 2
Which processes are involved in nutrient cycling in a functioning ecosystem?
Erosion, weathering, and sedimentation
Decomposition, evaporation, and precipitation
Nitrogen fixation, denitrification, and ammonification
Respiration, photosynthesis, and transpiration
The processes involved in nutrient cycling in a functioning ecosystem include Nitrogen fixation, denitrification, and ammonification.
These processes are part of the nitrogen cycle, which is a crucial aspect of nutrient cycling in ecosystems.
Which of the following eye defects is caused by the inability of the eye to focus light on the retina?
Glaucoma
Myopia
Cataracts
Astigmatism
The eye defect caused by the inability of the eye to focus light on the retina is Myopia. Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, occurs when distant objects appear blurry because the light entering the eye is focused in front of the retina rather than directly on it.
Which of the following is the correct classification of carbohydrates?
Lipid
Phytonutrient
Macronutrient
Micronutrient
Carbohydrates are correctly classified as Macronutrients. Macronutrients are nutrients that are required by the body in relatively large amounts, and they include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Which organs are part of the alimentary canal in the human digestive system?
Salivary glands, tongue, and pharynx
Large intestine, appendix, and rectum
Stomach, liver, and gallbladder
Oesophagus, pancreas, and small intestine
Organs that are part of the alimentary canal in the human digestive system include the Oesophagus, pancreas, and small intestine.
The alimentary canal, also known as the digestive tract, is a long tube that extends from the mouth to the anus and includes organs where digestion and absorption of nutrients take place.
Which of the following statements about viruses is true?
Viruses can reproduce outside of a host cell
Viruses require a host cell to replicate
Viruses possess a cellular structure
Viruses are living organisms
The correct statement about viruses is: Viruses require a host cell to replicate.
Viruses lack the cellular machinery necessary for metabolic processes and reproduction, so they rely on a host cell to replicate and multiply.
What is the definition of population ecology?
The study of interactions between organisms and their physical environment
The study of evolutionary processes and their effects on populations
The study of interactions between different populations in an ecosystem
The study of the distribution and abundance of individuals within a species
Population ecology focuses on understanding the factors that influence the size and dynamics of populations, including factors such as birth rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration.
Which of the following represents the correct hierarchical organization of life from the smallest to the largest scale?
Organs, tissues, cells, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems
Cells, organs, tissues, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems
Tissues, organs, cells, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems
Cells, tissues, organs, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems
The correct hierarchical organization of life from the smallest to the largest scale is: Cells, tissues, organs, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems. This represents the structural levels of biological organization.
Which of the following soil types becomes less fertile due to the intense leaching caused by tropical rains?
Yellow soil
Laterite soil
Red soils
Black soil
Laterite soil becomes less fertile due to the intense leaching caused by tropical rains.
Leaching is the process where minerals are washed out of the soil by water, and in tropical regions with heavy rainfall, it can lead to the depletion of nutrients in the laterite soil, making it less fertile.
Which of the following factors primarily affects the distribution of organisms in an ecosystem
Wind speed
Soil pH
Temperature
Day length
Different organisms have specific temperature ranges within which they can thrive, and temperature plays a crucial role in determining the types of organisms that can inhabit a particular environment.
Which of the following statements is true regarding cell growth?
Cell growth is solely influenced by external factors
Cell growth is a continuous process throughout the life of a cell
Cell growth involves an increase in the number of organelles within a cell
Cell growth occurs by cell division
Cell growth involves an increase in size and mass, and this growth is often accompanied by cell division, where a cell divides into two daughter cells.