2023 - JAMB Biology Past Questions and Answers - page 3

The term "cell" was given by Robert Hooke. He used the term to describe the microscopic structures he observed in cork under a microscope in the 17th century.

The urinary tubules, specifically the nephrons, are responsible for filtering blood and regulating the composition of urine, which includes maintaining the balance of water and electrolytes in the body.

Temperature is an example of an abiotic ecological factor because it is a non-living component that significantly influences the environment.

Abiotic factors are physical and chemical factors like temperature, sunlight, water, soil, etc., which affect living organisms but do not have biological origins.

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes from two parents, typically a male and a female. This process results in genetic variation in the offspring due to the combination of genetic material from both parents. In contrast, asexual reproduction involves only one parent and does not involve the fusion of gametes.

The presence of chloroplasts is a characteristic feature of Kingdom Plantae. Chloroplasts are the cellular organelles responsible for photosynthesis, a process by which plants produce their food using sunlight. 

The ability to perform photosynthesis is also correct, as the ability to perform photosynthesis is closely tied to the presence of chloroplasts. The other options are incorrect, as plants do have cell walls, and they typically exhibit an autotrophic (self-feeding) mode of nutrition rather than heterotrophic (dependent on external food sources).

Trophic levels in a functioning ecosystem refer to the levels of energy flow within that ecosystem.

These levels represent the transfer of energy from one group of organisms to another. Producers, such as plants, occupy the first trophic level and convert sunlight into energy. Herbivores, which consume plants, occupy the second trophic level, followed by carnivores that eat herbivores, and so on.

The flow of energy through these levels characterizes the trophic structure of an ecosystem.

Sexual reproduction is characterized by the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg) from two parents, leading to genetic variation in the offspring due to the combination of genetic material from both parents. This process contributes to the diversity within a population.

Sporulation is a method of reproduction in certain fungi, bacteria, and protozoa, not in animals. Animals typically reproduce through asexual reproduction (like budding in some cases) or sexual reproduction.

The skeletal system in humans is primarily composed of bones, which provide structural support and protection to various organs.

Joints, where two or more bones meet, allow for movement and flexibility in the body. Together, bones and joints form the framework of the skeletal system, contributing to the overall stability and mobility of the human body.

Implementing sustainable fishing practices involves managing fishing activities to ensure that fish populations are not depleted beyond their ability to regenerate.

Sustainable practices help maintain the balance of the ecosystem and ensure the long-term availability of resources without causing harm to the environment or depleting the species involved.