2009 - JAMB Government Past Questions and Answers - page 3

Development of viable alternatives to crude oil is a major threat to OPEC. For instance, some advanced countries are constantly into research, trying to find an alternative to oil. With this move, the price of oil is negatively affected.

According to Nnoli, 1998 alternatives to oil as source of energy is being discovered day by day, the technologically advanced countries.

As a result, there is an increase in energy efficiency today. For instance, the use of coal, solar, wind, nuclear energy including hydroelectricity has been intensified in the recent years.

The AU's right to intervene in a member country in crisis portrays it as an international organization.

The permanent membership of the UN Security Council is five.

The 5 permanent members in most cases referred to as the "BIG FIVE" are

1. U.S.A

2. Britain

3. China and

4. The defunct U.S.S.R

An advantage of flexible constitution is that it allows for ease of amendment. Changes can be made easily in order to accommodate changing situations in the society. Its amendment does not require or involve much time and financial cost.

Power refers to the ability to impose one's will upon others. It could also be defined as the ability of a person or a group of persons to enforce his or their decisions on others by the use of sanctions punishment or penalties against disobedience. According to Max Weber, "Power is the capability to control the actions of others"

Prorogation is the bringing of a session of a parliament to an end through royal proclamation. It is termination of a session of the legislature after a period of one year. The president gives his speech after a year before the house resumes. That is after the long vacation.

The right of all eligible citizens to vote and be voted for is referred to as universal suffrage.

Universal suffrage gives voting right to all qualified citizens. But restricted suffrage or restricted franchise restricts voting rights to specified citizens based on age, sex, property, wealth, race or education.

Values, beliefs and orientation of political system are internalized through political socialization.

Political socialization is the process by which the citizens are educated on the values, attitudes and belief of the political system.

Occupational pressure groups pursue their objectives mainly by pursue their objectives mainly by issuing ultimatums and embarking on strikes. The pressure groups give, 7, 14 or 21 days ultimatum to the government at the end of this, any action which the group deems necessary will be taken against the government. If the demands of the pressure groups are not met at the end of the ultimatum given, they will have to embark on strikes and boycotts.

In a cabinet system, the legislature comprises the prime minister and members of the parliament.

One of the characteristics of cabinet system of government is that the Prime Minister and all cabinet ministers are also members of the parliament or legislature.