2024 - JAMB Government Past Questions and Answers - page 7

Public corporations in Nigeria are typically established by an Act of Parliament. This is because:

• Act of Parliament: This is the standard legislative process for creating new entities or organizations with specific powers and functions, including public corporations. An Act of Parliament provides the legal framework, powers, and responsibilities of the corporation.
• Executive Order: Executive orders are usually used for administrative matters within the executive branch and are not the primary method for establishing independent public corporations.
• Order-in-Council: This is not a common method used in Nigeria for establishing public corporations.
• Judicial Review: Judicial review involves the courts examining the actions of the government or other bodies to ensure they are lawful, not the process of establishing a public corporation.

Shehu Shagari won the 1979 Presidential Election under the platform of the National Party of Nigeria (NPN).

The rule of law is a principle that dictates that everyone is subject to the law, including government officials. A key feature of the rule of law is the concept of equality before the law. This means that all individuals are treated equally under the law, regardless of their status or position.

Here's why the other options are incorrect:

• Secret trial of offenders: This violates the principle of due process and transparency, which are crucial for the rule of law.
• Unlimited power of the executive: The rule of law limits the power of the executive branch and all other branches of government.
• Dependent judiciary: An independent judiciary is essential for the rule of law to ensure impartial application of the law. A dependent judiciary undermines this principle.

The major challenge of public corporations in Nigeria is political interference.

• Political interference often leads to mismanagement, corruption, and inefficiency within the corporations. Politicians may appoint unqualified individuals to key positions, divert funds, and make decisions based on political considerations rather than the corporation's best interests.
• While shortage of staff and industrial disputes can be challenges, they are not as pervasive or impactful as political interference. Political instability is a broader issue affecting the entire country, not specifically public corporations.

OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries) is the organization primarily focused on coordinating and unifying the petroleum policies of its member countries. A key objective of OPEC is to stabilize prices in the international oil market by managing the supply of oil.

Lawyers recruited into the civil service are considered part of the professional class because their work requires specialized legal knowledge and skills.

The Bashorun was the leader of the Oyo Mesi, the council of chiefs in the Oyo Empire. The Oyo Mesi held significant political power and could, in theory, remove the Alaafin (the Oba).