Fisheries and Aquaculture - JSS2 Agricultural science Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Aquaculture plays a crucial role in sustainable food production by alleviating pressure on wild fish stocks, which are often overexploited. By cultivating fish and other aquatic organisms in controlled environments, aquaculture helps meet the increasing demand for seafood without depleting natural resources. This practice enhances food security by providing a reliable source of protein, especially in regions where traditional fisheries are declining.

Fish farming methods vary based on the type of water body, species being cultivated, and production goals. Pond culture involves raising fish in constructed ponds, suitable for freshwater or brackish water species. Cage culture entails growing fish in submerged cages placed in natural water bodies like lakes or seas. Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) are closed systems that recycle water, allowing for intensive fish production in controlled environments.

Introducing fisheries and aquaculture in agricultural education broadens students' understanding of the diverse components of the agricultural sector. Understanding fisheries and aquaculture practices equips students with valuable skills and knowledge applicable to various career paths in agriculture, including aquaculture management, fish farming, research, policy development, and environmental conservation.

Effective fish pond management is essential for ensuring optimal conditions that support fish growth, health, and reproduction. Water quality optimization involves monitoring parameters like oxygen levels, pH, and temperature to maintain a suitable aquatic environment. Implementing proper feeding strategies ensures that fish receive a balanced diet to meet their nutritional needs and promote growth. Disease control measures, including biosecurity protocols and regular health checks, help prevent and manage diseases, minimising risks to fish populations and enhancing overall productivity in aquaculture operations.

Aquaculturists face various challenges in fish pond management, including maintaining water quality, preventing diseases, and adopting sustainable practices. Addressing these challenges requires implementing effective solutions such as regular water quality monitoring, proper waste management, and the use of natural additives to improve water conditions. Disease prevention measures include maintaining biosecurity, implementing vaccination programs, and practising proper hygiene protocols. Embracing sustainable practices like integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) and adopting eco-friendly technologies can enhance resilience and ensure the long-term success and viability of fish farming enterprises.