Introduction to Agricultural Science - JSS2 Agricultural science Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Agricultural Science draws from various disciplines like biology, physics, and sociology to advance farming methods. Through biology, it explores plant and animal genetics for better yields. Physics aids in understanding soil and climate interactions, while sociology considers the social impact of farming practices. By integrating these fields, Agricultural Science develops sustainable and efficient farming techniques.

Agriculture is fundamental for food security, ensuring a consistent food supply for growing populations. Additionally, it provides economic stability by creating jobs and supporting industries. Moreover, agriculture promotes environmental sustainability through practices that conserve resources and minimise environmental impact. Thus, agriculture serves as the cornerstone of civilization, addressing crucial needs while balancing economic, social, and environmental concerns.

Crop production involves cultivating plants for food, fibre, and other products, contributing significantly to food production. Animal husbandry focuses on raising livestock for meat, milk, and other by-products, addressing protein needs. Agronomy manages soil health and crop production techniques to optimise yields sustainably. Horticulture encompasses fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plant cultivation, enhancing dietary diversity and aesthetic appeal.

Agricultural research and technology have revolutionised farming, leading to increased productivity and efficiency. Innovations like genetically modified crops have improved yield potential and resilience to pests and diseases. Precision agriculture technologies, such as GPS-guided machinery and remote sensing, optimise resource use and reduce environmental impact. These advancements play a crucial role in meeting global food demands while minimising inputs and preserving natural resources.

Modern agriculture faces challenges like climate change, which threatens crop yields and water resources. Additionally, globalisation introduces market volatility and competition for farmers. However, technological advancements offer opportunities to address these challenges, with innovations in sustainable farming practices, renewable energy, and digital agriculture. By embracing these opportunities, modern agriculture can overcome challenges, ensuring food security, economic prosperity, and environmental sustainability for future generations.