Renewable Energy Technologies - JSS2 Basic technology Past Questions and Answers - page 2

Renewable energy technologies play a crucial role in diversifying energy sources away from fossil fuels, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and enhancing energy security. They contribute to sustainable development by utilising natural resources that are abundant and renewable, thereby mitigating environmental impacts associated with traditional energy sources. Moreover, they support economic growth through job creation in the renewable energy sector and offer long-term cost stability compared to fluctuating fossil fuel prices.

Solar energy offers several benefits, including its ability to generate electricity and heat through photovoltaic (PV) panels and solar thermal systems. It is abundant and inexhaustible, reducing dependence on finite fossil fuels and contributing to energy independence. Solar installations can be deployed at various scales, from residential rooftops to large-scale solar farms, catering to diverse energy needs. Additionally, solar technology advancements continue to drive down costs, making it increasingly accessible and economically viable for both developed and developing regions.

Wind energy faces challenges related to intermittency, as wind speeds fluctuate and are not constant. This variability can affect the reliability of wind power generation, requiring grid integration strategies and energy storage solutions to manage fluctuations in electricity supply. Additionally, wind farms often face regulatory and permitting hurdles, as well as potential environmental impacts on wildlife and landscapes. Despite these challenges, technological advancements in turbine design and grid management are improving the efficiency and reliability of wind energy systems.

Biomass energy utilises organic materials such as wood, agricultural residues, and municipal solid waste to produce heat, electricity, and biofuels. It offers a renewable alternative to fossil fuels and supports waste management practices by utilising biomass residues. Biomass energy systems can be integrated into existing infrastructure, such as power plants and industrial facilities, providing reliable and dispatchable electricity generation. However, the sustainability of biomass depends on responsible sourcing practices to ensure minimal environmental impact and maximise carbon neutrality.

Hydropower harnesses the energy of flowing water to generate electricity through dams and river turbines. It provides a stable and reliable source of renewable energy with minimal greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to grid stability and energy security. Large-scale hydropower projects can also offer ancillary benefits such as flood control, irrigation, and water supply management. However, the development of hydropower can have significant environmental and social impacts, requiring careful planning and consideration of ecosystem impacts and community livelihoods.