Waves and Sound - SS2 Physics Past Questions and Answers - page 2

The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of particles from their equilibrium position in a medium. It represents the intensity or strength of the wave. In mechanical waves, such as water waves or sound waves, a larger amplitude indicates a higher energy wave or a louder sound. In electromagnetic waves, like light waves, the amplitude determines the brightness or intensity of the light. For example, in sound waves, the amplitude affects the volume of the sound produced. A larger amplitude corresponds to a louder sound, while a smaller amplitude results in a softer sound.

Frequency and wavelength are inversely proportional to each other in waves. The frequency of a wave is the number of complete wave cycles passing a point per unit time, while the wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points in phase. Mathematically, the relationship between frequency (f) and wavelength (λ) is given by the equation: c = f × λ, where c represents the speed of the wave.

When the frequency of a wave increases, the wavelength decreases, and vice versa. This relationship holds true for all types of waves, including light waves and sound waves. Changes in frequency and wavelength affect the nature of the wave. For example, in sound waves, an increase in frequency leads to a higher pitch, while a decrease in frequency results in a lower pitch. In light waves, higher frequencies correspond to colours towards the blue end of the visible spectrum, while lower frequencies correspond to colours towards the red end.

Wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points in phase, such as two crests or two troughs, in a wave. It plays a crucial role in determining the characteristics and behaviour of different types of waves. The wavelength of a wave affects how the wave interacts with its medium and the environment.

In sound waves, the wavelength determines the perceived pitch of the sound. Higher-frequency sounds have shorter wavelengths and are perceived as higher-pitched, while lower-frequency sounds have longer wavelengths and are perceived as lower-pitched. For example, a high-pitched whistle produces sound waves with shorter wavelengths compared to a low-pitched drum.

In electromagnetic waves, the wavelength determines the colour of the light. Different wavelengths of visible light correspond to different colours. For instance, red light has a longer wavelength, while violet light has a shorter wavelength. The study of wavelengths in electromagnetic waves is essential in various fields, including optics and astronomy.